Archive for April, 2009

kgThe following article is cross-posted on the blog Image of Truth.
—————————————————-
The idea of art is found all throughout the creation narratives of Genesis. Creation is, of course, more than art, but it is certainly nothing less. Take the idea of aesthetics, for example. In the same way that a painter, who has been working on specific details of his painting, will often step back to remind himself of bigger picture and judge whether the element he has been working on brings the aesthetic he wants, so too God steps back from working on the details of his creation to view it in light of the bigger picture. He does this no less than seven times in Genesis 1, and each time he does so he gives it a value judgment: “this is good.” In his commentary on Genesis in the Interpretation series, Walter Brueggemann argues that God is not giving a moral/ethical judgment, but an aesthetic judgment. Brueggemann is certainly overstating his case- there’s definitely an ethical element involved- but I don’t think we need to take it as an either/or issue.

Aesthetics is not where I want to camp out today, however. I want to look at the creation narrative in light of the idea of God as sculptor. This idea, appropriately, is rooted in the beginning. Genesis 1:1-2 states that God created, and that the creation was initially formless and empty. The verb translated create here (bâʾrâ) is always used of a divine act. God created the material that would be contained in all things, but had yet to give shape to any of it. The ancients reading this narrative would have recognized the idea of chaos latent in this description. The creation narrative is one of overcoming chaos, fashioning matter into an orderly world. The picture presented in the text is very much a like a sculptor standing before an untouched block. All the material he needs is before him, but he has yet to give it shape, to give it order. Slowly and surely, the sculptor begins to chisel, order, and form- the creation begins to take shape. Land emerged from the chaotic primeval waters, trees and plants sprouted and grew, animals, fish, and birds came and roamed the newly ordered world.

At each step, God stood back to view his masterpiece as a whole. He sized up how each element fit together with the rest, how each thing fit together with every other thing- like several strands of thread woven together in a system that produces a larger fabric. He worked on the details of time- light and dark, seasons, orbits- then moved on to the next detail of land. But not before stepping back and declaring that this was good. This was beautiful. And so it was after every divine act of creation. This is good. This is beautiful. I wonder if the two are somehow connected- that in the shalom of paradise, part of the aesthetic beauty was it’s ethical goodness.

God has given order to chaos. He has shaped the formally formless material much the way a sculptor brings forth a sculpture out of a slab of rock. Finally, the movement of God’s creating acts brings us to the high point of the narrative- the creation of Adam and Eve. Here, we find a surprising statement: “Let us make human beings in our image.” The amount written on what this phrase means is legion, and I won’t begin to dive into that discussion here. What I want to focus on is how the idea begins to play out. Immediately, after creating Adam and Eve, God gives them this charge: subdue the earth. What does it mean to subdue the earth? At it’s most simplest idea, God means for them to cultivate the earth. They were to take the elements of creation, and fashion and shape them in order to harness it’s potential and use it for their benefit. In other words, they were to continue shaping God’s great creation. They are called to participate in the great sculpture. They were not called to join in the act of bâʾrâ which only God can do, but to cultivate the result of it. We, too, are called to this creation mandate. Part of the image of God, whatever it is, is the expression of the creativity shown in these creation narratives. Not in the sense of bringing something out of nothing, but in the sense of shaping, of bringing order out of the chaos. In sculpting this world for the glory of God.

Contributing to a New Blog

kgMy good friend Jacob has started a new blog and asked me to be a contributor. The blog, Image of Truth, is “dedicated to engaging aesthetics and the arts from a Biblical Christian perspective,” and will feature several contributors from a range of protestant traditions. The goals for the blog are listed as:

  • To equip the Church to recognize the importance of beauty and developing a truly biblical aesthetic, that is, a philosophy of beauty.
  • To equip the Church to recognize the importance and sanctity of the arts in the daily life of the Christian and the corporate Church, as well as in the history of God’s people over the course of history. Specifically, we will address issues of visual art [drawing, painting, sculpture, printing, etc], music, theater, film, and literature.
  • To engage the arts in our contemporary culture. Interacting with and analyzing various artistic expressions today, from contemporary art to music, film, and theater.

I’m really excited about the opportunity. I will continue posting here at katagraphais, of course, and will also cross post my Image of Truth postings here as well.

New Translation Work

kgJust a bit of a site update today. This summer I have two translating goals that I’m working toward: Genesis 1-3 and finishing 2 Corinthians. Ultimately, if I don’t finish these goals, but have been translating all throughout the summer, I’m quite ok with that as my highest goal is to just be in the languages. I have updated the translation to include the first 8 verses of Genesis, as well as 2 Corinthians 1:1-7:

Check them out here: Translations.

Secondary works will be in getting the rest of Jonah and John’s epistles up.

Heaven is a Place on Earth: Why Everything You Do Matters to God
Michael E. Wittmer
Paperback: 272 pages
Publisher: Zondervan (May 1, 2004)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0310253071
ISBN-13: 978-0310253075
Product Dimensions: 7.7 x 5.3 x 0.9 inches
Buy Here: amazon.com

So far, we have looked over the first two parts of Heaven is a Place on Earth. In doing so, we have covered two questions that pertain to worldviews, and saw how Christianity answers them: The first is “What is this Place?” which looks at what the Bible says about creation; the second is “Why are We Here?” and looks at what our purpose in life is in regard to relationships between people and God, other people, and creation. These sections are much shorter at two chapters each. We now move on to part III, “What is Wrong with Me and My World? The Fall in Genesis 3-11
Read the rest of this entry

Wonderfully Distracted

kgI intended to have part 3 of my review of Michael Wittmer’s book Heaven Is a Place on Earth up today, but I got distracted by reading Mark Driscoll’s Confessions of a Reformission Rev. As someone who wants to plant a church one day, the book was an incredible read that encouraged me while at the same time scared the crap out of me. More than either of those things, however, it kindled the fire even more.

All that to say, I hope to write part 3 in the next few days.

Heaven is a Place on Earth: Why Everything You Do Matters to God
Michael E. Wittmer
Paperback: 272 pages
Publisher: Zondervan (May 1, 2004)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0310253071
ISBN-13: 978-0310253075
Product Dimensions: 7.7 x 5.3 x 0.9 inches
Buy Here: amazon.com

In the last post, I surveyed the first four chapters of Michael Wittmer’s book, Heaven is a Place on Earth. These chapters make up the introduction and the first of four parts, focusing on “What is this Place?” which is a look at what the Bible says about creation. He ended the section with a piece on being made “in the image of God” with a really helpful chart on the “three-fold” image (see last post for the chart). The chapters in Part Two, “Why are We Here?” focus on those relationships between people and God, other people, and creation. This section will be the focus of this post.
Read the rest of this entry

Heaven is a Place on Earth: Why Everything You Do Matters to God
Michael E. Wittmer
Paperback: 272 pages
Publisher: Zondervan (May 1, 2004)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0310253071
ISBN-13: 978-0310253075
Product Dimensions: 7.7 x 5.3 x 0.9 inches
Buy Here: amazon.com

One of the verses I have struggled with comes at the end of 1 Corinthians 15:

“So, my dear brothers and sisters, be strong and immovable. Always work enthusiastically for the Lord, for you know that nothing you do for the Lord is ever useless.” (v. 58)

Why the confusion? Because this is how Paul ends his argument for the reality of the resurrection. The reason our work is not useless is because Christ has risen. What does the resurrection have to do with how we go about our day-to-day lives? Our vocations, our leisure, mowing the grass- it all matters, according to Paul, but why? My two favorite books from last year spoke to this- “Surprised by Hope,” by N.T. Wright, talks of the new heavens and new earth as the Christian hope. He focuses on the eschatological realities. “Culture Making,” by Andy Crouch, talks about the reality of our creative calling to produce culture, not just critique it and ignore it, but that we should actively engage it.

Michael Wittmer’s book “Heaven is a Place on Earth: Why Everything You Do Matters to God” takes the best of these two books and puts it into one- and oddly enough it was written 4 years previous to the other two. Wittmer argues for the “tremendous dignity and value of everyday life” by “taking you from Creation to the Fall, to Redemption, and to glimpses from the book of Revelation” (book description on the back). Wittmer’s goal is to get us to view all of life through the Christian worldview. That is, to view everything through the lens of Biblical Christianity. The result is one of the best books on “the Christian life” that I have read to date. Wittmer gets it.
Read the rest of this entry

Bolt on Gethsemane

kgI’ve been reading Peter Bolt’s book The Cross From A Distance: Atonement In Mark’s Gospel, which explores how the cross and the crucifixion event is interwoven into the entire narrative of Mark’s Gospel- and what each section can teach us about the atonement. The book has been a great read so far, and I wanted to highlight a quote that I just read that highlights the disjunct between Jesus and his disciples in the garden of Gethsemane:

“Jesus realizes that it is the great time of trial (v. 38), and he urges the disciples to watch and pray so that they might not succumb to it. This adds to the drama of the scene. Jesus is at one end of the garden, struggling against the great cosmic battle about to be fought, and the disciples are at the other end, struggling to stay awake against the weakness of their mortality. This reinforces the fact that jesus will face this battle alone. He alone can embrace this hour.” (pg 110)

kg (Note: I typically try to not use the term ‘Calvinist’ on this blog, because of the broad range of response and misunderstandings, which McLaren rightfully points out in the discussion linked below. However, in order to make my point, I bring it up here. Please don’t let that keep you from engaging the actual issue at hand.)

Emergent leader Brian McLaren has recently written a post entitled “Calling all Calvinists,” where he divides those who call themselves Calvinist or Reformed into two camps. The first camp, he says, defines themselves with the acrostic “TULIP” or points to the Westminster Confession of Faith. TULIP is shorthand for the five points of doctrine that Calvin’s students gave in response to the remonstrants during the Synod of Dordt, and stand for Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace and the Perseverance of the saints. The Westminster Confession is a confession of faith written in 1646 and has become the main confession of the Church of Scotland and Presbyterian churches, as well as many other Reformed Churches.

The second camp,

refers to the Lordship of Christ over all of life, the priesthood of all believers, the absolute importance of God’s grace, and the integration of faith with every dimension of human enterprise

McLaren explains that it is the first camp where he finds many of his critics, but it is the second who “are much more irenic and include many of the wisest and most thoughtful Christians I’ve ever met… I hope and pray many in the former camp will migrate to the latter camp in the years ahead.”

The problem here is that McLaren has given us a false dichotomy. For someone who likes to blur the lines between things, to give gray where others see black and white, McLaren has failed to do so here. In fact, he goes against his usual rhetoric and divides people into two extremes. Of course, there are many who fall into these two groups, but McLaren has failed to acknowledge that there are a great number of people who are in both. This is unfortunate coming from someone who often laments that his critics tend to lump all under the emergent moniker together, instead of seeing the legitimate variety of people who gather under that banner.

I do affirm the theological summarization that is provided in the “TULIP,” but at the same time, I acknowledge that the Bible contains much more than this. I also affirm the Westminster Confession, though I cannot consciously affirm it all since I am more baptistic theologically. At the same time, I affirm Lordship of Christ over all things (I agree with Kuyper, who said “there is not one square inchin the whole domain of our human existence over which Christ… does not cry, ‘Mine!’”), the priesthood of all believers (a rally cry of the Reformation), not only the absolute importance, but absolute necessity of God’s grace (which, when rightfully understood, fuels the doctrines summarized as TULIP-It’s about Christ’s performance, not ours), and the integration of faith in every aspect of life (I reject the “sacred/secular” distinction so popular today. There is only sacred, and sacred things get profaned.)

So, what about us McLaren? What camp do we fit in? Your call went out to “all” Calvinists to go from one group to the other-what about those of us who claim both?

Alleluia…

Christ is Risen: The world below lies desolate
Christ is Risen: The spirits of evil are fallen
Christ is Risen: The angels of God are rejoicing
Christ is Risen: The tombs of the dead are empty
Christ is Risen indeed from the dead,
the first of the sleepers,
Glory and power are his forever and ever!
-St. Hippolytus (AD 190-236)

He is Risen!